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Increasing Problem of Today : Obesity

In the simplest sense, obesity is accumulation of excessive fat in a body.

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Increasing Problem of Today : Obesity

In the simplest sense, obesity is accumulation of excessive fat in a body.
In males with average body weight, the body fat is 15-20%, while it is between 25-30% in females. The World Health Organization determines over weight and obesity on the basis of the body mass index (BMI = Weight (kg) )m2)]. Accordingly: 

  • Overweight: BMI = 25.0-29.9 kg/m2
  • Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
  • Morbid obesity (deadly obesity): BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2

What are Reasons?

In case you take more calories than you spend, the overtaken energy is stored as fat in the body and causes obesity. Genetic and environmental factors and psychological condition also have an important effect on obesity.

Obesity Increasing in Prevalence!

The reasons for the obesity increasing in prevalence are decrease in physical activity due to the lifestyle getting easier through developing technology and change in nutritional habits in the Modern life. Fast-food and quick service unhealthy foods and carbohydrate and refined sugar rich, but vegetable fiber poor, extremely fat rich nutrition form are among the most important factors leading to obesity. Also, becoming advanced technological tools such as cell phones, computers and TV, which fill in our free times, prevalence has significantly contributed to increasing of obesity. 

Obesity has a great importance due to high levels of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and blood lipids and to increase in the risk of many diseases. As these diseases may be prevented, reduced or treated by weigh loss, it is a disease needing to be treated absolutely. 

Who is More Susceptible?

Obesity is observed more frequently in:

  • Industrialized, developed countries,
  • Cities (are more compact than villages)
  • Women (are more common than men)
  • Short and medium height men
  • People at later ages.  

What are the risk factors for Obesity?
What are the reasons for obersity?

  • A lifestyle without sufficient physical activity
  • Irregularities in dietary habits, taking nutrients with low nutritious value and high fat level, and nutrients with high level of glucose
  • Age factor
  • Birth weights
  • Number of births given
  • New lifestyle after marriage
  • Excessive alcohol abuse
  • Some medications and hormones
  • Hormonal diseases: 
  • Under-functioning of Hypothroid-throid gland
  • Polycyctic ovary syndrome 
  • Hypogonadism 
  • Cushing syndrom
  • Socioeconomic and psychologic factors
  • Genetic factors

Research shows that heredity and genetic factors play 25-40% role in obesity.

Diseases Deriving from Obesity

  • Hypertension 
  • Diabetes (Type 2 Diabetes) 
  • Cardiovascular Diseases 
  • Gallbladder Stone 
  • Fatty Liver
  • Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)
  • Reflux Esophagitis 
  • Increase in Gut Uric Acid Calculi 
  • Increase in cancer frequency (In women, increase in breast, cervical and gallbladder cancers; and in men, increase in colon and prostate cancers) 
  • Menstrual Irregularities  
  • Physiological Disorders (inferiority feelings, decrease in self estimation, estranging from social life)
  • Increase in frequency of paralysis 
  • Sleep apnea 
  • Hairiness in Women (Hirsutism) 

Advantages of Weight Loss

  • Risk of cardiovascular diseases decreases 
  • High blood pressure decreases
  • Increased insulin resistance, high blood glucose recover 
  • Fatty liver returns back 
  • Sleep apnea recovers 
  • Blood lipids decrease   

Treatment

In treatment of obesity, the condition of each patient is assessed, and one or more of the following methods should be applied 

  • Diet 
  • Physical exercise 
  • Behavior Therapy 
  • Drug Therapy 
  • Surgical Therapy
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